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Palauan Adjectives

The following is a brief discussion about Palauan adjectives. For a longer exploration, please refer to discussions of state verbs in the Joseph Handbooks. According to the official Lewis Joseph grammar book of Palauan, there are no Palauan parts of speech called adjectives. However, Palauan does, of course, have words used to describe other words. In English, we call these words adjectives. Examples of English adjectives are dangerous, beautiful, and hot.

Palauan Resulting State Verbs

In Palauan, words corresponding to English adjectives are called state verbs. There are several types of Palauan state verbs. The most common are resulting state verbs which occur as a result of a verb. Some examples:

Here is a list of seven random Palauan verbs and their resulting state verbs:

blachel, v.r.s.(firewood) split.
a
el
mla
a
See also:
blkais, v.r.s.opened; lifted open/up.
a
mla
a
See also:
chelabl, v.r.s.carried under arm.
a
mla
a
a
er
See also:
chellekelek, v.r.s.rubbed (between hands); (plants) smashed or torn apart (by wind).
See also:
klang, v.r.s.eaten.
a
mla
a
el
See also:
klekad, v.r.s.(debt) repaid.
a
mla
mla
a
a
See also:
klort, v.r.s.(road, etc.) scraped.
a
mla
a
er
a
a
See also:

 

Palauan Anticipating State Verbs

Anticipating state verbs in Palauan are like resulting state verbs. However, instead of describing the state of something after a verb has modified it, these describe the state of something before a verb is anticipated to modify it. Here's seven random Anticipating State Verbs:

bechall, v.a.s.(long object) is to be thrown.
a
el
a
a
See also:
cheromel, v.a.s.is to be tasted.
a
el
a
el
a
See also:
chetekill, v.a.s.is to be held or led by the hand; is to be carried, towed or persuaded; easily persuaded; (woman) easily seduced.
a
el
di
e
ng
a
di
a
See also:
dirkall, v.a.s.is to be looked at in a mirror.
See also:
sekesekoall, v.a.s.is to be crawled or crept over.
a
el
er
el
a
See also:
songesongel, v.a.s.(coconut tree) is to be tapped for sap.
See also:
tetengall, v.a.s.is to be widened or opened wide.
a
mo
a
a
See also:

 

State Verbs with Related Nouns

In English, a common thing to do is to ask 'how XXXX is something,' where XXXX is an adjective. For example, 'how hot is that,' or 'how dangerous is that,' are common English expressions.

This is true in Palauan as well in a form like, 'ng uangarang a kleldelel,' which translates literally perhaps to something like, 'it is like what, its heat,' or figuratively as, 'how hot is it.' The word kleldelel is a possessed noun meaning 'its heat.' See the nouns page for a longer explanation of possessed nouns.

Many of these Palauan nouns have related state verbs which translate to, and are used as, English adjectives. Here is a list of seven random Palauan nouns along with their corresponding state verbs.

Palauan_NounEngish_NounPalauan_AdjEnglish_Adj
kamangsickle.kamangsickle.
chadliver.chedengaolsick with jaundice.
cheremrumtype of sea cucumber; trepang.bekecheremrumsmell of sea cucumber.
chimhand; arm; front paws (of animal); help; assistance; manual labor; person sent to help.chimempty-handed.
chimhand; arm; front paws (of animal); help; assistance; manual labor; person sent to help.chimhand; arm; front paws (of animal); help; assistance; manual labor; person sent to help.
cheluchcoconut oil; fuel (e.g. gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, etc.); grease (from meat being cooked).bekecheluchsmell of coconut oil.
bekngiukmold; (food) moldy/mildewed.bekngiuk(food) moldy/mildewed.

Reng Idioms as Adjectives

There are many Palauan expressions which use a state verb to describe the Palauan word reng which means spirit or heart. These are idioms which mean their literal and figurative meanings are not the same. Typically, but not always, the figurative meaning describes an emotion. An example is kesib a reng, which literally means a sweaty heart but figuratively it means to be angry. Here is a list of seven random examples of these reng idioms:

PalauanEnglish
tuobed
a
: Palauan of tuobed a rengul'>
a
one's real feelings come out.
omerteret
a
: Palauan of omerteret a rengul'>
a
fed up or exasperated with.
mekreos
a
: Palauan of mekreos a rengul'>
a
miserly; avaricious; selfish.
sesuul
a
: Palauan of sesuul a rengul'>
a
(person) undecided.
llemesel
a
: Palauan of llemesel a rengul'>
a
his/her/its intelligence.
chelimimuul
a
: Palauan of chelimimuul a rengul'>
a
chelimimii a rengul
diak
a
: Palauan of diak a rengul'>
a
inconsiderate; impolite.


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